![]() The following expression unintentionally enables querying users who have NULL as the value for their CLIENT_IDENTIFIER to see the real data: If you do not handle this NULL scenario in your policy expression, you could unintentionally reveal actual data to the querying user.įor example, suppose you wanted to create a policy expression that intends to redact the query results for everyone except users who have the client identifier value of SUPERVISOR. If the user somehow connects directly (rather than through the application), then the SYS_CONTEXT attribute would not have been populated. The application might not always populate that attribute. Oracle Data Redaction does not affect day-to-day database operations, such as backup and recovery, Oracle Data Pump exports and imports, Oracle Data Guard operations, and replication. ![]() Oracle Data Redaction is not enforced for users who are logged in using the SYSDBA administrative privilege.Ĭertain DDL statements that attempt to copy the actual data out from under the control of a data redaction policy (that is, CREATE TABLE AS SELECT, INSERT AS SELECT) are blocked by default, but you can disable this behavior by granting the user the EXEMPT REDACTION POLICY system privilege. For applications, it is the responsibility of the application to properly initialize the context value. Oracle Data Redaction relies on the database and application context values. ![]() For example, to find the users who earn the highest salaries, an intruder could use the following query: SELECT FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SALARY Inference refers to query that is designed to find data by repeatedly trying queries. Oracle Data Redaction is not intended to protect against users who run ad hoc SQL queries that attempt to determine the actual values by inference. If the user can issue arbitrary SQL or PL/SQL statements, then they will be able to access the actual value. Oracle Data Redaction is not intended to protect against attacks by regular and privileged database users who run ad hoc queries directly against the database. You should check if the recycle bin is enabled before you drop Oracle Data Redaction policies. Dropped Oracle Data Redaction Policies When the Recycle Bin Is Enabled.When an Oracle Data Redaction policy exists on a column of a view, and the view becomes invalid, the Data Redaction policy remains visible in the REDACTION_COLUMNS data dictionary view. REDACTION_COLUMNS Data Dictionary View Behavior When a View Is Invalid.You can create Oracle Data Redaction policies on materialized views and on their base tables. Oracle Data Redaction Policies on Materialized Views. ![]() Policy Expressions That Use SYS_CONTEXT Attributesīe careful when writing a policy expression that depends on a SYS_CONTEXT attribute that is populated by an application.How Oracle Data Redaction Affects the SYS, SYSTEM, and Default Schemasīoth users SYS and SYSTEM automatically have the EXEMPT REDACTION POLICY system privilege.You can restrict the list of users who can create, view and edit Data Redaction policies. Restriction of Administrative Access to Oracle Data Redaction Policies.It is important to understand general security guidelines for using Oracle Data Redaction. Oracle Data Redaction General Security Guidelines.
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